334 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
334 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
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# HAP编译构建指导
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## 概述
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### 基本概念
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| 术语 | 含义 |
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| -------------- | ---------------------- |
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| HAP | OpenHarmony Ability Package，一个HAP文件包含应用的所有内容，由代码、资源、三方库及应用配置文件组成，其文件后缀名为.hap。 |
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| Ability | 应用的重要组成部分，是应用所具备能力的抽象。Ability是系统调度应用的最小单元，是能够完成一个独立功能的组件，一个应用可以包含一个或多个Ability。 |
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| FA | Feature Ability，是FA模型的Ability框架下具有UI界面的Ability类型，用于与用户进行交互。Feature Ability唯一对应一种模板，即Page模板（Page Ability）。 |
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| PA | Particle Ability，是在FA模型的Ability框架下无界面的Ability，主要为Feature Ability提供服务与支持，例如作为后台服务提供计算能力，或作为数据仓库提供数据访问能力。Particle Ability有三种模板，分别为Service模板（Service Ability）、Data模板（Data Ability）、以及Form模板（Form Ability）。 |
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| FA模型 | 两种Ability框架模型结构的其中一种。是Ability框架在API 8及更早版本采用FA模型。FA模型将Ability分为FA（Feature Ability）和PA（Particle Ability）两种类型，其中FA支持Page Ability模板，PA支持Service ability、Data ability、以及Form ability模板。详情可参考[FA模型综述](https://gitee.com/openharmony/docs/blob/master/zh-cn/application-dev/application-models/fa-model-development-overview.md)。 |
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| Stage模型 | 两种Ability框架模型结构的其中一种。从API 9开始支持。Stage模型将Ability分为Ability和ExtensionAbility两大类，其中ExtensionAbility又被扩展为ServiceExtensionAbility、FormExtensionAbility、DataShareExtensionAbility等等一系列ExtensionAbility。详情可参考[Stage模型综述](https://gitee.com/openharmony/docs/blob/master/zh-cn/application-dev/application-models/stage-model-development-overview.md)。 |
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### 功能简介
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提供HAP编译构建功能，支持FA模型、Stage模型。
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## 开发指导
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### 编译系统提供的模板
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#### ohos_hap
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声明一个HAP目标，该目标会生成一个HAP，最终将会打包到system镜像中。
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| 支持的变量 | 说明 |
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| --------- | ---- |
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| hap_profile | HAP的config.json，Stage模型对应module.json。 |
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| raw_assets | 原始assets，这些assets会直接拷贝到HAP的assets目录下。 |
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| resources | 资源文件，编译后放置在assets/entry/resources目录下 |
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| js_assets | js资源，ace编译后放置在assets/js/default目录下。|
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| ets_assets | ets资源，ace编译后放置在assets/js/default目录下 |
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| deps | 当前目标的依赖 |
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| shared_libraries | 当前目标依赖的native库 |
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| hap_name | HAP的名字，可选，默认为目标名 |
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| final_hap_path | 用户可以制定生成的HAP的位置，可选，final_hap_path中会覆盖hap_name。|
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| subsystem_name | HAP从属的子系统名，需要和ohos.build中的名字对应，否则将导致无法安装到system镜像中。|
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| part_name | HAP从属的部件名，同subsystem_name。|
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| js2abc | 是否需要将该HAP的js代码转换为ARK的字节码。|
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| ets2abc | 是否需要将该HAP的ets代码转换为ARK的字节码。|
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| certificate_profile | HAP对应的授权文件，用于签名。|
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| certificate_file | 证书文件，证书文件和授权文件，应用开发者需要去openharmony官网申请。|
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| keystore_path | keystore文件，用于签名。|
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| keystore_password | keystore的密码，用于签名。|
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| key_alias | key的别名。|
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| module_install_name | 安装时的HAP名称。|
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| module_install_dir | 安装到system中的位置，默认安装在system/app目录下。|
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| js_build_mode | 可选，用于配置HAP是“release”还是“debug”模型编译，默认“release”。|
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#### ohos_app_scope
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声明一个HAP的AppScope模块，该目标的app_profile和sources会在编译时拼接到具体的entry内编译，该模板只在Stage模型下使用。
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| 支持的变量 | 说明 |
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| --------- | ---- |
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| app_profile | HAP的AppScope中的app.json。|
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| sources | HAP的AppScope中的资源resources。|
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#### ohos_js_assets
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js或ets代码，ace编译后放置在assets/js/default目录下，stage模型根据代码分别放置到js或ets目录。
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| 支持的变量 | 说明 |
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| --------- | ---- |
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| hap_profile | HAP的config.json，仅FA模型下配置。|
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| source_dir | js或ets代码路径，兼容FA模型的单ability配置到ability目录。|
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| ets2abc | 当前为ets代码，卡片应用必须配置，其他应用可在ohos_hap中配置，无需重复配置。|
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| js2abc | 当前为js代码，卡片应用必须配置，其他应用可在ohos_hap中配置，无需重复配置。|
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#### ohos_assets
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原始assets，这些assets会直接拷贝到HAP的assets目录下。
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| 支持的变量 | 说明 |
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|---------- | ---- |
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| sources | 原始assets的路径。|
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#### ohos_resources
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资源文件，FA模型编译后放置在assets/entry/resources目录下，Stage模型编译后放置在resources目录下。
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| 支持的变量 | 说明 |
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| --------- | ---- |
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| hap_profile | HAP的config.json，Stage模型对应module.json。|
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| sources | 资源文件路径。|
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| deps | 当前目标的依赖。Stage模型需要配置对ohos_app_scope目标的依赖。|
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### 操作步骤
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1. 将开发完成的应用example放到applications/standard/目录下。
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2. 配置gn脚本applications/standard/example/BUILD.gn，FA模型简单示例如下（更多BUILD.gn配置见[gn脚本配置示例](#gn脚本配置示例)）：
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```
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import("//build/ohos.gni") # 引用ohos.gni
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ohos_hap("example") {
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hap_profile = "./src/main/config.json" # config.json
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js_assets = ["./src/main/js/default"]
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raw_assets = ["./raw_assets"]
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resources = ["./src/main/resources"]
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shared_libraries = [
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"//third_party/libpng:libpng", # native库
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]
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certificate_profile = "../signature/systemui.p7b" # Cer文件
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hap_name = "SystemUI-NavigationBar" # 名字
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part_name = "prebuilt_hap"
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subsystem_name = "applications"
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}
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```
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3. 修改applications/standard/hap/ohos.build，示例如下：
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```
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{
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"subsystem": "applications",
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"parts": {
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"prebuilt_hap": {
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"module_list": [
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...
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"//applications/standard/example:example" # 添加编译目标
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]
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}
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}
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}
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```
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4. 编译命令：
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```
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# 全量编译
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./build.sh --product-name {product_name}
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# 单独编译HAP
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./build.sh --product-name {product_name} --build-target applications/standard/example:example
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```
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5. 编译产物，FA模型简单例子HAP解压视图如下：
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```
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Length Date Time Name
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--------- ---------- ----- ----
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1439 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/raw_assets -----> raw_assets
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354 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/entry/resources.index ------> resources
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1 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/entry/resources/base/media/attributes.key ------> resources
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1 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/entry/resources/base/media/constants.key ------> resources
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1 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/entry/resources/base/media/contents.key ------> resources
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6790 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/entry/resources/base/media/icon.png ------> resources
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1 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/entry/resources/base/media/nodes.key ------> resources
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11170 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/js/default/app.js ------> js_assets
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48 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/js/default/i18n/en-US.json ------> js_assets
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50 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/js/default/i18n/zh-CN.json ------> js_assets
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224 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/js/default/manifest.json ------> js_assets
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41481 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/js/default/pages/index/index.js ------> js_assets
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909 2009-01-01 00:00 config.json ------> hap_profile
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266248 2009-01-01 00:00 libs/libpng.z.so ------> shared_libraries
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```
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### gn脚本配置示例
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- FA模型多ability示例
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```
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import("//build/ohos.gni")
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ohos_hap("dataability") {
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hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
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deps = [
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":dataability_js_assets",
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":dataability_resources",
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]
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certificate_profile = "signature/openharmony_sx.p7b"
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hap_name = "dataability"
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part_name = "prebuilt_hap"
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subsystem_name = "applications"
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}
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ohos_js_assets("dataability_js_assets") {
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ets2abc = true
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source_dir = "entry/src/main/ets"
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hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
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}
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ohos_resources("dataability_resources") {
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sources = [
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"entry/src/main/resources",
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]
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hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
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}
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```
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- FA模型Js卡片示例
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```
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import("//build/ohos.gni")
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ohos_hap("FormOfFaJs") {
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hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
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deps = [
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":FormOfFaJs_js_assets",
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":FormOfFaJs_resources",
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]
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certificate_profile = "signature/openharmony_sx.p7b"
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hap_name = "FormOfFaJs"
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part_name = "prebuilt_hap"
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subsystem_name = "applications"
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}
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ohos_js_assets("FormOfFaJs_js_assets") {
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hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
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js2abc = true
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source_dir = "entry/src/main/js"
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}
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ohos_resources("FormOfFaJs_resources") {
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sources = [
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"entry/src/main/resources",
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]
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hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
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}
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```
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- FA模型Ets卡片示例
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```
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import("//build/ohos.gni")
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ohos_hap("FormOfFaEts") {
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hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
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deps = [
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":FormOfFaEts_js_assets",
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":FormOfFaEts_form_js_assets",
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":FormOfFaEts_resources",
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]
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certificate_profile = "signature/openharmony_sx.p7b"
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hap_name = "FormOfFaEts"
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part_name = "prebuilt_hap"
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subsystem_name = "applications"
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}
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ohos_js_assets("FormOfFaEts_js_assets") {
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hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
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ets2abc = true
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source_dir = "entry/src/main/ets"
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}
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ohos_js_assets("FormOfFaEts_form_js_assets") {
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hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
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js2abc = true
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source_dir = "entry/src/main/js"
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}
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ohos_resources("FormOfFaEts_resources") {
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sources = [
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"entry/src/main/resources",
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]
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hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
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}
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```
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- Stage模型简单示例
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```
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import("//build/ohos.gni")
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ohos_hap("actmoduletest") {
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hap_profile = "entry/src/main/module.json"
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deps = [
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":actmoduletest_js_assets",
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":actmoduletest_resources",
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]
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certificate_profile = "signature/openharmony_sx.p7b"
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hap_name = "actmoduletest"
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part_name = "prebuilt_hap"
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subsystem_name = "applications"
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}
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ohos_app_scope("actmoduletest_app_profile") {
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app_profile = "AppScope/app.json"
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sources = [ "AppScope/resources" ]
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}
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ohos_js_assets("actmoduletest_js_assets") {
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ets2abc = true
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source_dir = "entry/src/main/ets"
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}
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ohos_resources("actmoduletest_resources") {
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sources = [
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"entry/src/main/resources",
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]
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deps = [
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":actmoduletest_app_profile",
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]
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hap_profile = "entry/src/main/module.json"
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}
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```
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- Stage模型卡片示例
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```
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import("//build/ohos.gni")
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ohos_hap("FormOfStageEts") {
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hap_profile = "entry/src/main/module.json"
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deps = [
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":FormOfStageEts_js_assets",
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|||
|
|
":FormOfStageEts_form_js_assets",
|
|||
|
|
":FormOfStageEts_resources",
|
|||
|
|
]
|
|||
|
|
js_build_mode = "debug" # 默认release
|
|||
|
|
certificate_profile = "signature/openharmony_sx.p7b"
|
|||
|
|
hap_name = "FormOfStageEts"
|
|||
|
|
part_name = "prebuilt_hap"
|
|||
|
|
subsystem_name = "applications"
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
ohos_js_assets("FormOfStageEts_js_assets") {
|
|||
|
|
ets2abc = true
|
|||
|
|
source_dir = "entry/src/main/ets"
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
ohos_js_assets("FormOfStageEts_form_js_assets") {
|
|||
|
|
js2abc = true
|
|||
|
|
source_dir = "entry/src/main/js"
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
ohos_app_scope("FormOfStageEts_app_profile") {
|
|||
|
|
app_profile = "AppScope/app.json"
|
|||
|
|
sources = [ "AppScope/resources" ]
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
ohos_resources("FormOfStageEts_resources") {
|
|||
|
|
sources = [
|
|||
|
|
"entry/src/main/resources",
|
|||
|
|
]
|
|||
|
|
deps = [
|
|||
|
|
":FormOfStageEts_app_profile",
|
|||
|
|
]
|
|||
|
|
hap_profile = "entry/src/main/module.json"
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
```
|